Rhinoplastic has a very long history, especially compared to the other fields or reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. The first known instances of rhinoplastic took place 600 B.C. when Indian surgeon Sushata Samgita used surgery and skin transplantation to restore the look of injured noses. During this era, it was common in India to cut of the nose tip of thieves as a form of punishment. The injured nose served as a warning sign and was naturally extremely stigmatizing for the convict. Italian surgeon Gaspar Tagliyakotsa is considered the founder of the European plastic surgery tradition and he devoted a lot of energy to the rhinoplasty field. In 1818, German surgeon Van Grefon published the first book of plastic surgery and this was actually named "Rhinoplasty" since this was his field of expertise. The book was published in Berlin and served to broaden the general knowledge of plastic surgery in general and rhinoplasty in particular. Diffenbach, the pupil of Van Grefon, designed a new method of rhinoplasty that also increased the popularity of plastic surgery and rhinoplasty. In 1887, John Orland Roe performed the very first intranasal rhinoplastic, a very important step in the history of rhinoplastic surgery. Jacques Joseph (Jack Iozeph) is another well known pioneer in the rhinoplasty field. He was born in 1865 as Jakob Lewin Joseph in Königsberg, Prussia and lived until 1934. He developed new methods for cosmetic surgery, including rhinoplasty. His very first rhinoplastic patient was a young man that wished to correct his large nose. This young man felt that his nose was so big that it made him embarrassed when he frequented public occasions. We he learned about the successful otoplasty that had been performed by Jakob Lewin Joseph, he scheduled an appointment for rhinoplastic surgery. (Otoplasty is a form of cosmetic surgery that aims to change the appearance of the external ear.) Jakob Lewin Joseph argued that cosmetic surgery was worth the potential health risks connected to it, even though cosmetic surgery is not medically necessary. He was one of the first persons to claim that cosmetic surgery was worth the risk, since it could have such a positive impact on someones’ spirit and mental well being. Jakob Lewin Joseph performed a large part of his rhinoplastic operations on the Jewish community in Berlin, a community to which he belonged himself. It wasn’t until the 1930’s that rhinoplastic really begun to spread from Berlin to the rest of the world. In 1931, Jacques Joseph published a broad textbook about rhinoplastic surgery that gained worldwide reputation. More and more surgeons specialized in plastic surgery and rhinoplastic and the rhinoplasty methods developed fast. In 1970, a surgeon named Shin developed a method of not only removing tissues from the nose, but adding new material as well. This made it possible to change the entire shape of the nose much more meticulously than before. ******************************************************************************
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